Revista del Departamento de Lenguas de la Universidad Católica Argentina. Contiene artículos científicos orientados al área de las lenguas extranjeras. Constituye una forma de expresión de una comunidad universitaria y profesional, cuyo objetivo no es solo el de ser conocida sino también el de brindar un espacio que favorezca una mayor visibilidad nacional e internacional del avance científico en nuestro país y en el exterior. Se trata de estimular el diálogo intercultural y presentar, esclarecer, discutir o comentar de manera constructiva las ideas expuestas o los trabajos científicos realizados. De formato exclusivamente digital se orienta hacia un modelo de divulgación masiva y abierta que proporcione las condiciones para impulsar la producción científica en este campo del saber lingüístico. Aspiramos a que los profesores y los profesionales de lenguas extranjeras encuentren en esta revista científica un nuevo medio de comunicación e intercambio. Esta revista pertenece al Departamento de Lenguas de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Su objetivo es servir de espacio de intercambio profesional de artículos de investigación sobre nuestra esfera de conocimiento, y de ser el puntapié inicial para incentivar este tipo de trabajos a futuro, por lo que quedan todos los lectores invitados a enviar sus trabajos científicos para su consideración en nuestras próximas convocatorias.
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y letras. Departamento de Lenguas
Copyright (c) 2023 Graciela del Pilar Isaía y Ruiz; Celeste Irace https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La traducción de metáforas neológicas en los textos jurídicos de doctrina constitucional estadounidense
The main objective of this research is to examine the translation procedures that are most used by translators when translating neological metaphors in legal texts of constitutional legal scholar’s opinion in the United States. As far as we have been able to investigate within this field, the translation of this type of genre has not been explored as much as other legal genres. To this end, based on the metaphor translation model proposed by Zabalbeascoa (2002), and from the cognitive perspective of metaphors proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), we attempt to respond to this objective. This study also explores other aspects such as the influence of the cognitive value and conceptual complexity of neological metaphors on translation procedures. Among the most important findings, we found that translators resort to the translation of the same metaphor in the target text or, failing that, to metaphors from another conceptual field and to foreign words accompanied by explanations such as translator's notes or use of metalanguage. Although the corpus of analysis is limited only to twenty-two neological metaphors created by the most representative and outstanding American legal authors, we hope to make a valuable contribution to this object of study.
neological metaphors, translation procedures, legal scholar’s opinion on American constitutional texts
Copyright (c) 2023 Adriana Elizabeth Lafulla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Inclusion of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Primary Schools
Autism is a disorder which affects the child's ability to communicate with those around them and develop mutual relations with them. Over the past twenty years, there has been a significant surge in the enrollment of students with autism in mainstream schools. This has created tensions and challenges in schools as staff struggle to meet these students and their families’ unique needs. Previous studies have revealed a lack of knowledge among school personnel regarding the distinctive traits and requirements of students with autism, as well as the effective practices necessary to support these students in inclusive educational environments. Therefore, finding a suitable method to communicate with kids and make practice the required duties are an essential concern. Teachers should be provided with appropriate training on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) so that they can successfully integrate a child with special needs in the classroom setting since a more knowledgeable teacher is more comfortable with inclusion.
autism, pedagogical strategies, education, restricted interests, repetitive interests
Copyright (c) 2023 Delia Marone, Julieta Polito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impacto de la fluidez “percibida” en una evaluación de desempeño de ELSE: el examen CELU oral
In this paper we deepen our previous analysis (Pacagnini, 2016; 2017; 2020) of linguistic features considered relevant to assess fluency in an oral exam of Spanish proficiency (more specifically, the Certificate of Spanish: Language and Use -CELU-, granted by the Argentine Interuniversity Consortium for the Teaching and Testing of Spanish as a Second and Foreign Language). With this aim, we continue to survey those aspects that are usually considered by the evaluators in the analytical assessment sheets and by the interlocutors in the holistic ones, comparing this with the justifications given by the evaluators when determining certain aspects as indicators of fluency in a survey conducted afterwards. At this stage of our research, we try to determine the factors that are taken into account when pointing to a non-native speaker as “fluent”, and we expand our study on the features considered by the CELU evaluators, in order to propose improvements in assessment rubrics.
Spanish as a second and foreign language- CELU oral exam- fluency assessment- “perceived” fluency- prosody
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana María Judith Pacagnini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
I Am Ash from your Fire: Narración, Imágenes y Performance de la Música Folk en el Disco folklore de Taylor Swift
English folk music motifs have been passed down through generations and they can still be found in current songs. However, they are less likely to be found in the lyrics of artists who are as popular as Taylor Swift. What is more, folklore is an album that is markedly different from her previous productions in this approach to alternative/indie music. Those folk music motifs that are studied in this paper are the narration of stories from multiple points of view and their narrators; the type of language used in the lyrics, which is closely related to historical nostalgia and the search for a return to nature; and the performance of a particular aesthetic known as “cottagecore”. The influence of a distinct production frame given social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic is critical to explain the drastic change in the artist’s lyrics and aesthetic in this production and how the album came to be promoted. In this way, different narrative and performative aspects account for the transmission of a palpable wish to transcend the contemporary and reach a legacy state for future generations.
folklore – Taylor Swift –performance- lyrics
Copyright (c) 2023 Vanesa Sara Venditti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Argentinean People’s Attitudes towards Different Varieties of English
In Argentina, English has played a major role in education and the job market for years, thus making Argentinean people’s language attitudes towards English relevant. Yet, this area remains under-researched. Therefore, this paper examined Argentinean people’s language attitudes towards different varieties of English in terms of two evaluative dimensions: solidarity and status. To do so, 50 Argentinean people participated in a verbal-guise study in which they rated five English varieties, out of which one was from a native US speaker and the remaining four were from non-native speakers from four different Spanish-speaking countries: Chile, Spain, Argentina and Mexico. As regards status, results support prior research since the varieties considered as native by the participants received the most favorable evaluations, while the non-native varieties received less favorable evaluations. In terms of solidarity, however, results partially contradict previous findings, given that the native speaker received the highest rating and one of the non-native speakers received the lowest rating. Nevertheless, the only speaker deemed non-native by all participants was the second-highest rated.
language attitudes, varieties, native accent, non-native accent, verbal-guise study, solidarity, status
Copyright (c) 2023 María Milagros Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La expresión de los derechos fundamentales en constituciones históricas de América Latina y el Caribe
A corpus of fourteen Latin American constitutions from the early nineteenth century (twelve in Spanish, one in French and one in Portuguese) is analyzed using the text mining tools Voyant Tools and AntConc, in order to identify specialized phraseological units referring to fundamental rights. After asserting the importance of contextual analysis in corpus studies, the historical and legal aspects of the constitutions are explained, as well as the linguistic concepts related to the study. The identification and analysis of phraseological units is done from a diachronic, diatopic and contrastive perspective. The following issues are highlighted: the low institutionalization and stability of the phraseological units; the influence of Spanish and French constitutionalism on their form and content; the predominance of phraseological units formed by non-technical lexical items in the process of terminologization; the presence of enumerations of rights and variants specific to each language (despite their proximity, as they all belong to the Romance family); and legislators’ efforts to adapt the expression of fundamental rights to the political and social reality of each country. The limitations of the digital tools are pointed out (such as the impossibility of searching for rhetorical figures), together with some research prospects in other fields, such as translation and cognitive science.
constituciones latinoamericanas, fraseología jurídica, enfoque basado en corpus, Voyant Tools, AntConc.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gabriela Magdalena Llull https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La necesidad de especialización en el área de la economía y las finanzas en la traducción audiovisual
Este trabajo de investigación fue presentado como trabajo final en la Especialización en Traducción Empresarial en Idioma Inglés de la Universidad Católica Argentina. En ella, nos proponemos abordar dos temas: por un lado, las características más salientes de la traducción audiovisual (TAV) y, por el otro, la presencia y la traducción de las metáforas en el campo de la economía y las finanzas. Para dicho fin, realizaremos un estudio pormenorizado y propondremos la traducción para subtitulado de ciertos fragmentos de la película The Big Short. Procuraremos someter algunos elementos de la lista de diálogo de The Big Short a un examen contrastivo y veremos cómo los procedimientos de traducción se convierten en una estrategia de gran utilidad para abordar los desafíos que se van presentando para lograr reproducir el texto original del modo más fiel y natural, sin agregar ni sustraer información. Asimismo, nos proponemos identificar la terminología específica, reflexionar acerca del uso de metáforas en el discurso económico-financiero, los posibles métodos de traducción, siempre teniendo en cuenta las características tan particulares que presenta la TAV. Es decir, mantener los extranjerismos, los préstamos naturalizados o los calcos. Finalmente, buscaremos resaltar la necesidad de especialización que requiere esta modalidad de traducción por la diversidad de áreas temáticas que se presentan y que requieren de una investigación exhaustiva, además de la habilidad para dominar diversas convenciones técnicas inherentes al subtitulado.
Copyright (c) 2022 Leila Klawir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
¿Existe una brecha entre las creencias de los docentes de ELSE en Argentina sobre el potencial comunicativo de las metáforas conceptuales y su uso real en el aula?
Este trabajo está basado en la investigación realizada para la tesis de Maestría de Enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) y Segunda Lengua (L2) del Centro Universitario Internacional de Barcelona (UNIBA), Universidad de Barcelona. En el marco de ese estudio mixto y a partir de un enfoque cognitivo, buscamos explorar el potencial comunicativo de las metáforas conceptuales como recurso desarrollador de la competencia comunicativa en la enseñanza de ELE/L2, pero desde la perspectiva de las creencias y experiencia docentes en la República Argentina, donde parece no haber literatura sobre este tema en particular. Algunos hallazgos han demostrado que los profesores creen que las metáforas conceptuales resultan una herramienta de aprendizaje muy útil y con alto impacto en la habilidad comunicativa de los aprendientes, específicamente en las competencias estratégica y pragmática, así como en las estrategias de aprendizaje socioafectivas. Sin embargo, también se observa que, en cierto sentido, parece haber una brecha entre la influencia que los profesores le atribuyen a las metáforas conceptuales en el aprendizaje de ELE/L2 y el uso real y efectivo que hacen de ellas en el aula. Por ello, nos parece interesante profundizar en este aspecto que invita a generar una posible línea de investigación desde uno de los tantos abordajes del uso de metáforas conceptuales en ese ámbito de enseñanza en la República Argentina.
uso real y efectivo de metáforas conceptuales
Copyright (c) 2022 Adriana Elizabeth Lafulla
Aproximación al perfil general de los aspirantes a traductores e intérpretes públicos en Venezuela
La traducción y la interpretación pública han sido claves y necesarias para garantizar las relaciones jurídicas entre particulares y el Estado. Por tal razón, es de suma importancia que tanto las traducciones legales como las interpretaciones en juicios sean realizadas por intérpretes debidamente formados que hayan aprobado el examen de certificación establecido en la normativa legal que rige estas funciones en Venezuela. Sin embargo, a este respecto resulta llamativo que, durante el período 2016-2019, el número de personas que aprobaron el examen de certificación fue proporcionalmente bajo en relación con la cantidad de aspirantes, razón que que nos impulsó a realizar una investigación que permitiera aproximarnos a las posibles causas de esta situación mediante la caracterización del perfil de los aspirantes en aspectos relacionados con su formación, experiencia profesional, motivación y otros factores. Este artículo da cuenta de estos resultados obtenidos a partir de la administración de una encuesta a los candidatos a traductores e intérpretes públicos que se presentaron a las nueve convocatorias comprendidas entre el 2016 y 2019. Desarrollamos un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo de diseño no experimental, que combinó datos cuantitativos con análisis interpretativos, para así lograr una primera comprensión de la problemática y formular algunas sugerencias para su abordaje.
They Still Have a Dream: a research paper on the emergence of the BLM movement as a consequence of racial profiling by police force and the reproduction of racist messages in mass media
This academic paper focuses on the racial profiling and discursive bias against African American people in the United States. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to illustrate and develop the Black Lives Matter movement as a consequence of racism as well as the legislation and different programs that have been created to reduce police brutality and, second, to evince the way mass media reproduces and perpetrates racist messages. This academic paper was written by means of collecting information retrieved from varied sources and assorted experts of each area mentioned as well as by applying the discursive strategies proposed by linguist Van Dijk. Ultimately, the authors of this work concluded that structural racism is a trait that prevails in the American society in spite of the creation of social movements and regulations that aim to combat racial profiling.
Copyright (c) 2022 María Sol López Russomanno, Laura Malomo Menelle, Josefina Piemontese
The Adjectival and Verbal Forces at Play in Present and Past Participles: A Cross-Linguistic Approach
This paper explores the split nature of participles, which may show verbal or adjectival forces depending on the particular context in which they appear. It briefly refers to some problems of categorization affecting participles and points out certain ways in which participles with full adjectival force can be distinguished from those with verbal force as well as some of the limitations to the proposed tests. Moreover, it uses a cross-linguistic approach, resorting to translation into Spanish as a tool for the identification of participles with full adjectival force.
Copyright (c) 2022 Graciela Isaia Y Ruiz, Maria Celeste Irace
Préstamos y calcos en el área de las finanzas
En este trabajo se analizará el contexto en el que se utilizan los préstamos y calcos en el área financiera. Definiremos el préstamo y el calco léxico y presentaremos algunos ejemplos tomados especialmente de artículos periodísticos de la prensa especializada. Estas importaciones lingüísticas se dan en un contexto donde los especialistas buscan unificar las formas de denominación a los efectos de obtener precisión y concisión. En este sentido, se presentarán algunas consideraciones para los traductores.
neologismo – neónimos – préstamos – calcos – traducción – terminología – análisis del discurso – finanzas
Copyright (c) 2022 Sandra Beatriz Ramacciotti Giorgio
Copyright (c) 2022 Sandra Beatriz Ramacciotti Giorgio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluación y retroalimentación formativas en la formación de traductores
El propoísito de este artiículo es defender el alcance de la evaluacioín formativa como instancia de aprendizaje. Seguín los nuevos paradigmas de la evaluacioín, sabemos que, en su modalidad formativa, la evaluacioín no solo permite al docente mejorar o ajustar las propuestas de enseníƒanza, sino que ayuda al estudiante a regular sus propios procesos de aprendizaje, reconocer sus fortalezas y debilidades, y monitorear coímo va aprendiendo. En este sentido, nos referiremos a la conveniencia de utilizar un portfolio como instrumento para llevar a cabo la evaluacioín formativa, seníƒalando de queí manera ese instrumento facilita la evaluacioín continua a la vez que contribuye en el desarrollo de la metacognicioín de los estudiantes y brinda una opcioín de evaluacioín superadora de la claísica prueba de traduccioín a la que se suele recurrir como uínico dispositivo evaluador. Asimismo, se presentaraí la utilidad de trabajar con una ruíbrica como asistente de la correccioín para ofrecer retroalimentacioín cualitativa sobre las producciones de los estudiantes.
Copyright (c) 2021 Silvia Firmenich Montserrat
Delving Into Multi-word Verbs: A Semantic and Syntactic Perspective
This paper focuses on a particular category of verbs known as multi-word verbs, verb combinations or group verbs, which category constitutes a key element of the English lexicon and is characterized by considerable dissensus among linguists. In order to shed some light on this topic, this work examines the concept of multi-word verbs, their main features, and the different subcategories they comprise, adopting a semantic and syntactic approach. For such end, it alludes to the most significant characteristics of each subcategory and provides examples thereof. Furthermore, it points out some of the problems that the lack of recognition of these verbs may pose for the understanding of texts.
El uso de metáforas en el discurso económico: Breve análisis sobre el modo en que las crisis sanitarias permean la información sobre cuestiones económicas
Este trabajo surge de la tesina presentada en el marco de la Especializacioín en Traduccioín Empresarial en Idioma Ingleís de la Universidad Catoílica Argentina. Dado que el discurso econoímico, por su marcado dinamismo, sigue introduciendo nuevos teírminos y conceptos metafoíricos, este trabajo analiza algunos aspectos en torno al uso de la metaífora en el lenguaje de la economiía que siguen generando intereís. Es posible afirmar que los hechos de la vida diaria suelen repercutir en las comunicaciones econoímicas, y el uso de un determinado dominio fuente para el mapeo metafoírico en las comunicaciones econoímicas puede aumentar cuando ese dominio, por diversas razones, prevalece en la experiencia cotidiana. Entonces, en el contexto de la crisis econoímica actual a causa de la emergencia sanitaria de la COVID-19, ¿queí dominios conceptuales utilizan los analistas econoímicos para transmitir las consecuencias econoímicas de las pandemias? ¿Podemos afirmar que las implicaciones metafoíricas estructurales de la salud y la medicina son las que predominan? Creemos que las respuestas a estas preguntas son muy importantes para el traductor de textos econoímico-financieros, ya que al traducir un sintagma metafoírico debe tenerse en cuenta la equivalencia de efectos, maís allaí del meítodo utilizado para traducirla.
Process Implementation in Post-editing to Ensure Quality in Translation
The translation profession is constantly evolving and becoming more technological to meet the needs of the increasing demand for translation and localization services. The focus should not be on when human linguists will become obsolete, but rather on the competences needed to face this challenge. Thus, the improvement in the quality of Artificial Intelligence-enabled Translation and Machine Translation (MT) are taking over the forefront of technological advances and have compelled translators to adapt to new environments and to learn and adjust their own processes and requirements. To that purpose, it is imperative for Translation Service Providers (TSP) and linguists in general to learn and apply quality processes stipulated by ISO standards on Translation, Post-Editing, Terminography and Information Security Management System (ISMS).
Copyright (c) Gabriela Escarrá, Dolores Guiñazú
Copyright (c) Graciela del Pilar Isía y Ruiz, Maria Celeste Irace
Articulating Black Voices: Linguistic Analysis as a Tool for Translation in Zora Neale Hurston’s “Story in Harlem Slang”
The notion that the content of a work of literature cannot be fully dissociated from its form is nowhere as true as in texts in which language is not only a medium but also an object of representation itself, as tends to be the case in minority literatures. Translating texts which subvert standard language is no easy task, as it demands faithfulness to a message that seems to be intrinsically bound to the words on the page, with linguistic choices providing not only narratological and characterization cues but also powerful assertions regarding the center of the narrative. Translation decisions will be based on the artistic and sociopolitical effects of such choices, which lie beyond the scope of linguistics. However, if we are to understand those effects, we must first look into the linguistic layer of the text. In this sense, sociolinguistics and descriptive linguistics provide valuable tools for the type of reading that is necessary for translation, both by allowing us to identify the dialect in question and by providing a reliable framework to establish the reasons behind characters and narrators' use of language, all of which will need to be considered when writing in the target language. In this paper, I explore these concepts by looking at African American Vernacular English and illustrate the proposed instrumental reading by analyzing how Zora Neale Hurston constructs black voices and positions a black narrative center in Story in Harlem Slang.
Think Stressful Thoughts: Stress, Anxiety and Depression in College Students
Mental health can have an impact on several vital areas, including but not limited to work, studies or relationships. This paper examines the relationship between mental health issues –such as stress or anxiety– and college students, focusing on the perception of stress that students have in connection to exams, deadlines or time management, among others. For this end, a survey was carried out among a small group of English students (both in Translation and Teacher Training courses) at Universidad Catoílica Argentina to measure their perceived feelings of stress and to question them about the support systems available to them at the aforementioned university. Both the survey and the literature cited in the paper seem to reinforce the conclusion that mental health issues are relevant in academic contexts and may be connected to a variety of factors including academic pressures, test anxiety and bad time management.
Copyright (c) 2018 Graciela del Pilar Isaía y Ruiz, Celeste Irace
Demystifying Plain Language in Legal Translation
The purpose of this brief communication is to challenge the existing notion that plain language and legal translation are incompatible, while also inviting further research. Tackling some common objections to plain language and relying on three brief examples, I posit that if we define plain language as nothing more (and nothing less) than just seeking clarity, then plain language is perfectly compatible with legal translation.
Humanity Remembers: On Jung, Mythological Criticism and Archetypes
The influence of mythological criticism can still be felt in such popular contemporary works such as the Star Wars saga, but the scope of its influence is not limited only to science-fiction movies. As a result of a strong connection between mythological criticism, anthropology and psychology, certain authors from all of these fields have introduced key concepts relevant to the analysis of a variety of literary genres. In this article, some of these concepts will be explored, including Jung’s “collective unconscious”, “archetypes” and “individuation”, Frye’s “archetypes”, “mythoi” and “monomyth”, and Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey”. Thanks to the analysis of these notions, it is clear that, although not necessarily present in every work of fiction created, mythological criticism constitutes a valuable field that may serve as a theoretical framework for literary and media analysis.
Is the American Dream Truly for Everyone? The Stereotypes Shaping Immigrants’ Reality
Throughout history, we can infer that media is the Fourth Estate due to its influence within politics. Such statement has become even clearer during the last years, especially in the United States due to the stereotypes framing immigrants depending on the current agenda. The aim of this paper is to observe the discourse (racism, American dream) of articles against the DREAM Act through the theoretical framework provided by Van Dijk and López to determine the influence within politics of a stereotypical portrayal of immigrants.
Copyright (c) 2020 Florencia Denise Ochoa
Polysemy in Finite Verbs According to their Linguistic Structure and its Consequent Impact on Spanish-English Translation
This paper analyses the relationship between the syntactic structure of finite verbs and their meaning. In order to do so, it provides an overview of the notion of polysemy, the linguistic categories of finites and non-finites, verbs of complete and incomplete predication, transitive and intransitive verbs, as well as the concepts of quasi-passive and empty carriers. What is more, it explores the way in which these categories affect the translation of finite verbs into Spanish and highlights the importance of recognizing syntactic structures when translating.
Copyright (c) 2020 Rocio Cantorna Blanco
A Crosslinguistic Analysis of English ‘Converbs’ in Contrast with Prepositional Infinitives in Spanish to Contribute with the Art of Translation
The notion of converbs has been studied cross-linguistically since the concept was first introduced by Haspelmath (1995) to refer to the use of a variety non-finite clauses with adverbial meaning. Despite the large number of correspondences that have been observed in different languages within the scope of adverbial non-finite phrases, the adverbial infinitive in Spanish does not fit into this categorial classification, probably due to its strong nominal reference. Likewise, in terms of a possible translation into English there seems to be a deep correlation of the adverbial infinitive in Spanish with the gerundial phrase in English, which is also interpreted as the most nominal of all English non-finites. Nevertheless, it is their shared nominal feature that allows them to appear as complements of a preposition which typically introduces them within an adverbial construction. Therefore, we believe it is worth asking: is it plausible to include English gerunds or Spanish infinitives within the category of converbs? This controversy has led to a discussion which aims at bringing light to the contrastive analysis of adverbial constructions known as converbs in these two languages. In turn, we expect that this comparison will contribute with the harsh task of translating non-finite phrases.
Copyright (c) 2020 Marina Laura Álvarez
La sistematización de la práctica de la traducción
This paper introduces a methodological approach for undergraduate students specializing in Translation Studies. Systematizing practice in translation classes becomes a teaching strategy so that students can make generalizations and abstractions which will enable them to address similar translation or writing challenges in the future. We believe the acquisition of the translation competence can be better achieved through an ongoing process of abstraction, conceptualization and systematization that will enable students to retrieve information when they translate a text. We seek to narrow the gap between theory and practice in Translation Studies.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sandra Ramacciotti Giorgio
WhatsApp: experiencias de capacitación en inglés en empresas
In this article, we aim at, to begin with, describing the current English as a Lingua Franca in-company training context in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Then, we will briefly describe our theoretical framework: Andragogy and Task-Based Learning. Last but not least, we will share training experiences using WhatsApp as an Information and Communication Technology.