Estudios de Historia de España, revista semestral online, perteneciente al Instituto de Historia de España de la Universidad Católica Argentina, está dirigida a difundir los estudios de los integrantes y colaboradores del mismo en el área del hispanismo, así como también los trabajos enviados por colegas del país y del exterior, propiciando de este modo el crecimiento de la disciplina y un intercambio fructífero entre los especialistas. Su área de referencia es la historia y la cultura españolas en sus diferentes períodos cronológicos y en los distintos aspectos del desarrollo humano: político, social, económico, religioso, artístico.
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Historia de España
MEDIA AND HISTORY: THE CRISIS OF SUMMER of 1917 IN SPAIN SEEN IN THE DIARIO DE LA MARINA
The crisis of the summer of 1917 in Spain was the consequence of a growing social discontent, which spread to the sectors and forces that were outside of the Political System of the Restoration, exacerbated as a result of the First World War. The confluence of the Juntista movement, the Assembly of Parliamentarians and the labor movement (anarchsyndicalism and socialist), led to a general strike, which precipitated the crisis of the Restoration System and the turnismo System. With the use of historical methodology and discourse analysis techniques, the work approaches the perception of Diario de la Marina, a Cuban media in the beginning of the XX Century, about the events that took place in the old Hispanic metropolis, showing the viability of the use of the press as a historical source. The marked pro-monarchical and conservative character of this newspaper is expressed in the manipulation of the information it offers.
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ON ABSENCES, DEBTS AND LEGACIES: HISTORIOGRAPHY ON EDUCATION IN SPAIN BETWEEN 1808 AND 1
The Napoleonic invasion generated in the Hispanic Monarchy a political and social division between those who defended the interference of the foreign king and the liberals and absolutists who had joined in a kind of tacit alliance whose aim was to banish José I. The historiography about the topic has been crossed by this division that favored a number of studies on the period. However, the educational issue was not always approached with the same intensity, generating vacancy areas that require deep rethinking about the legacies of an era. This paper proposes an analysis of the historiographic production that took education as its field of study during the interregnum of 1808-1814. To do this, we resort to a bibliographic search in two directions: the exploration through search engines and institutional repositories and the search in external references, that is, the search for citations and bibliographic references.
THE MALE JOB MARKET. SEGOVIA 1860-1905. THE CASE OF LABORERS, CRAFTSMEN AND EMPLOYEES
The aim of this article is to study the male labour market in an inland city such as Segovia from 1860 to 1905, focusing on three representative professional groups: laborers, craftsmen and employees. For this and based on the systematic analysis of the municipal registers of 1860, 1881 and 1905, the registrations of industrial contribution, resistance societies, books of agreements of the City Council, Local Board of Health and contemporary local press, among others, the professional reality of these groups has been reconstructed, describing their main characteristics.
THE ERMITAGE OF SANTA MARINA IN VILLAMARTÍN DE SOTOSCUEVA (BURGOS) AS A REFUGE FOR THE COMMUNITY. TO PROTECT A BUILDING WITH WRITINGS AND PAINTINGS IN 1456
Marina was built by the council of Villamartín de Sotoscueva (Burgos) in 1456, according to the inscription painted on its apse. This paper states that this hermitage was built in a violent environment by the nobility's onslaught against the council powers, and the neighbourhood protected its interior and exterior with a series of surprising mural paintings of an apotropaic nature, as well as the roof, by means of a tile inscribed with verses from the Poem of Fernán González, contemporary to the building. All of this responds to concepts inscribed in the popular culture of the medieval imaginary, expressed through visual and written clues.
The Libro de Apolonio, a Castilian poem from the first half of the 13th century, makes it possible to analyze the norm of the family, both in relation to marriage, filiation and kinship ties, as well as in terms of the same domestic space shared by kings, their families and their subjects. The description of the Antioquia and Pentapolis courts leads to highlighting the importance of family relations as a measure of personal and political behavior, through the theme of incest and identity between private and public behaviors, especially in the figure of the Kings. The matrimonial problem focuses on the hero Apolonio, in principle, and then on his daughter Tarsiana in the second part of the story, and is based on the Christian ethical character of the central family conception in the poem.
THE RETURN OF SPANISH EMIGRANTS IN EUROPE DURING THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY
This text analyses the perception and interpretation of return during the transition to democracy in Spain, from the Spanish political spheres, from the administrative institutions in charge of managing migration policy and from the media. This multiple approach will allow us to better understand how and in what phases a new vision of the phenomenon of emigration and return was developed in this period of recent Spanish history. In order to do so, we will deal, firstly, with the political and administrative decisions that channelled the return, trying to find out to what extent they were effective, but also paying attention to the ideological and legal principles that guided them. Secondly, we will focus on the Spanish print media, which covered both this social phenomenon and the political debates it provoked. To obtain a cross-perspective, we intend to deal, on the one hand, with the written media in general and, on the other, with those specifically designed for emigrants.
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THE END OF MASS EMIGRATION IN THE DEBATES OF THE “CORTES” OF THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
The Great Depression of the 1930s brought back to Spain thousands of emigrants who had settled in different regions of Latin America. The governments of the Second Republic were faced for the first time with the need to legislate not so much on outward emigration as on mass returns. The problem of reducing mass emigration was discussed in the Cortes sessions and gave rise to a parallel public debate in the press, especially with regard to state intervention in the repatriation of Spaniards affected by the crisis and the management and financing of the passages of those whose situation was unsustainable. However, beyond the specific discussion of this contingency, the interventions of the deputies responded to the different opinions that were circulating at the time about the economic role of emigrants and the consequences that their return would have for the country. This study analyses the view of the decline of the Spanish migratory phenomenon through the republican legislature and the regional and national press.
RETURN MIGRATIONS IN SPAIN UNDER FRANCO: POLICIES, PERCEPTIONS AND DISCOURSES, 1939-1975
The policies, perceptions and discourses around return migration to Spain during the years of Franco dictatorship were transformed in parallel to the changes experienced by emigration outside the country. This article analyses this transformation of return migration, initially identified with repatriation, until its conceptualization within the framework of assisted migration schemes articulated in the Europe of the “guestworker system”. This transformation took place as a result of the displacement of the American migration cycle by the European migration cycle. In this process, return migration lost its assistance character and began to be conceived from an economic and labor perspective that connected with de developmental objectives of the Spanish government. Based on archival research and the analysis of legislative texts, publications and cultural production, this essay highlights the limits and contradictions of the discourses and public policies on return migration under the dictatorship.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A VISION OF RETURN IN THE SPANISH PUBLIC OPINION DURING THE YEARS OF THE GREAT IMMIGRATION WAVE (1880-1930)
Although the prospect of return is intrinsically present in most migration projects, this issue was relatively absent from public debates in Spain during the years of the so-called mass emigration (1880-1930). This article has three objectives. Firstly, it aims to understand why this issue played an almost marginal role in the debates of the time. Secondly, it will reconstruct the image of the "returnee" and analyse the conception that the press of the time had of the phenomenon of return and the way in which the state should (or should not) intervene in it. The third and final part will seek to determine the impact that these opinions and perceptions emanating from the public sphere had on the migration policy of those years.
IÑAKI ARTETA, Historia de un vasco. Cartas contra el olvido, Barcelona, Espasa, 2021, 241 págs., ISBN: 978-84-670-6376-9.
En Historias de un vasco. Cartas contra el olvido, el director, guionista y productor cinematográfico Iñaki Arteta nos ofrece una obra valiente y vivencial en la que aborda de manera crítica la forma en que tanto él como la sociedad vasca se enfrentó a ETA. El libro no se limita cronológicamente al tiempo en que la citada organización terrorista permaneció activa...
MIGUEL ÁNGEL LADERO QUESADA, Paseos por el siglo XV andaluz, Madrid, Dykinson S.L., 2021, 698 páginas, ISBN 978-84-1377-655-2
Con el objetivo de avanzar en un camino de investigación, iniciado en 1964, para conocer y explicar la historia de Andalucía en los últimos siglos medievales y en el marco de la Corona de Castilla, Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada reúne en su reciente libro Paseos por el siglo XV andaluz una selección de veinticuatro textos escritos sobre el pasado medieval de dicha región...
ANA MARÍA RIVERA MEDINA (ed), Ports in the Medieval European Atlantic. Shipping, Transport and Labour, Woodbridge, Suffolk, Boydell&Brewer, 2021, pp. 222, ISBN ”Ž 978-1783276158.
Ports in the Medieval European Atlantic”¦, editado por Ana María Rivera Medina, recoge las contribuciones de dos grupos de investigación dedicados al estudio del mundo marítimo bajomedieval: Castillas y el Mar en la Baja Edad Media, de la Universidad de La Laguna, y La gobernanza de los puertos atlánticos en la Edad Media (GOBPORT), de la Universidad de Cantabria...
El retorno de la emigración constituye uno de los aspectos menos estudiados en la abundante historiografía sobre el hecho migratorio español, probablemente por la dificultad de medir su impacto cuantitativo sobre las sociedades de origen, así como su influencia en la economía y la política locales y nacionales. En este dossier proponemos cuatro aproximaciones a este tema desde el punto de vista de las políticas, percepciones y discursos que el fenómeno del retorno generó en la esfera pública española a lo largo del siglo XX, con el fin de contribuir a destacar su importancia en el análisis contemporáneo de las migraciones exteriores...
Cinematographic apostolate and breaking of isolation in the Spain of the first franchism
Since the time of the encyclical Vigilanti cura (1936), the hierarchy of the Catholic Church had invited the Catholic world to take action and participate in activities that would promote film training and the involvement of believers in production or broadcasting work. This article analyzes the performance, in this area, of Spanish Catholicism in a historical period defined by the Spanish postwar period and the survival of the Franco regime, during which - and with the experience of the civil war - the Church considered a pastoral reconquest, which encompassed many areas and instruments, including cinema. This project was integrated into a broader one: creating an alternative exterior image of Franco's regime from 1945.
Art as tangible testimony of memory. The double face of exile.
This article studies the parallel paths of two artists from the Spanish republican exile: Eleuterio Blasco Ferrer and José García Tella, and their differences in the recovery process. Whereas Eleuterio Blasco Ferrer has museum spaces, José García Tella does not and is absent from Spain’s art history. The return and reintegration into places of origin as basis for the vindication of memories of figures from the diaspora will be highlighted, while non-return addresses the other side, that of oblivion.
The sicilian fortifications at the end of the 17th century
During the reign of Charles II the military architecture of the Kingdom continued with the presence of a series of towers and fortifications at the fortress near the towns. When the war of Mesina came to an end, the government of the Count of Santisteban focused on the strengthening the Spanish domain in Mesina. The following years were characterized by improving the defenses of Mesina; Augusta, badly damaged after the French invasion; and Syracuse. To sum up, this paper analyzes the plans and the reforms presented by engineer Carlos de Grunenbergh to the Count of Santisteban for a defensive improvement of the Kingdom of Sicily.
Memory and identity of andalusian cities (S. XIII-XVII)
Diplomatic texts and urban histories were repositories of historical memory through which speeches and images were transmitted, with which the identity of the city was built. Our objective is to show that they were reinterpreted as a guarantee of rights and privileges, of legitimation of urban power and inculcation of behaviors of the city and its elites.
Official funerals and political rituals in Spain. From the Transition to the state tribute to the victims of COVID-19
El 16 de julio de 2020, las principales autoridades del Estado se reúnen en la plaza de la Armería del Palacio Real para rendir un solemne homenaje a los miles de víctimas que la pandemia de la COVID-19 había causado en España. Se trata del primer homenaje de Estado de carácter aconfesional celebrado en el país tras la reinstauración de la democracia en 1978. Dentro de un contexto de inestabilidad social provocada por la pandemia y con la llegada al poder del primer Gobierno de coalición de partidos de izquierda desde la II República, se produce una reactualización del ritual con la celebración de este homenaje de Estado a las víctimas del COVID. Este estudio, de corte ensayístico, pretende ahondar en el concepto del ritual político, en la posibilidad de crear nuevos ritos y en su papel en las modernas democracias. Además, se investiga en profundidad en los funerales oficiales ocurridos en España desde la aprobación de la actual Constitución, sus rasgos comunes y sus particularidades. Con este artículo se pretende poner en valor la importancia de este tipo de actos oficiales para cohesionar la sociedad, legitimar a las instituciones del Estado e influir a través del discurso político.
Dos bibliotecas particulares del siglo XV
Copyright (c) 2017 Estudios de Historia de España
Sepúlveda en tiempos de Alfonso el Sabio
Anuario de Estudios Medievales, 15. Estudios dedicados a la memoria de D. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz. Barcelona, C.S.I.C., 1985
La ciudad hispánica durante los siglos XIII at XVI. Tomo II. Actas del coloquio celebrado en. La Rábida y Sevilla del 14 al 19 de septiembre de 1981, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 1965, 988 págs.
Manifestación de dineros en la aduana de Murcia con Aragón (1493-1494)
ADELINA RUCQUOI, Valladolid en la Edad Media. T. I. Génesis de un poder. T. II. El mundo abreviado (1367-1474) Junta de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, 1987
Los preliminares de la Guerra de los cien años y el desarrollo mercantil de la marina de Castilla
María Concepción Rodríguez de Monteagudo
La ciudad hispánica durante los siglos XIII al XVI, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1985, Tomo I, 783 págs.