Temas de Historia Argentina y Americana is the periodical publication of the Institute of Argentine and American History (Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Argentina), which offers to the academic community unpublished and original collaborations, both from its members and from other national and foreign researchers. By these means it seeks to provide the growth of the scientific discipline and a fruitful exchange between specialists. Our reference area is Argentine and American history in its different chronological periods and in diverse aspects such as political, social, economic, religious and cultural. The intended audience is academics in general with a particular interest in the human sciences. Therefore, an open policy is maintained both in the reception of works and in their communication and dissemination. The magazine has been uninterruptedly published since 2002. Since 2012 the paper edition has been published annually and since 2017 it has been published in two digital volumes every six months. Contributions are received throughout the year, with the first semiannual volume published in June and the second of the year in December.
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana
Objections to the education law of the province of Buenos Aires (1882-1894). An approach to the interventions of the officials of the General Directorate of Schools
I am interested in studying how laws are applied, in this case the education law of the province of Buenos Aires. I chose to do it with examples of government officials. I study their examples of government officials. I study their reports and articles in official publications because they give an account of the legal mandates, the impossibilities of their compliance and the problems that their application entails, in many circumstances. I am particularly entails, in many circumstances. I am particularly interested in showing how quickly the common education law of 1875 is questioned in the same government efforts of the Directorate of Schools of the province of Buenos Aires.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alejandro Herrero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Francisco Javier Gómez Díez. A la sombra de Juan Manuel de Rosas. Historia secreta de la supresión de la Compañía de Jesús en Buenos Aires (Madrid: Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 2021), 299 pp.
This book by Francisco Javier Gómez Díez is a fundamental and long-awaited contribution to the study of the restoration of the Society of Jesus in the Río de la Plata and the Southern Cone in the 19th century.
Francisco Javier Gómez Díez. A la sombra de Juan Manuel de Rosas. Historia secreta de la supresión de la Compañía de Jesús en Buenos Aires (Madrid
Copyright (c) 2023 Nicolás Hernán Perrone
Pedro Oeyen, Esclavos en San Isidro: una verdad escondida (Martínez: Maizal Ediciones, 2022), 180 pp.
Pedro Oeyen addresses the issue of slavery in colonial times in San Isidro, through the analysis of a little-explored source: the local parish records. Through this approach, the author manages to offer a detailed and rigorous look at the slave population in this region of Hispanic America before 1810. It is a subject that continues to arouse the interest of researchers and readers. Proof of this are the publications of recent years, some focused on a specific region and others with a more comprehensive general view.
Copyright (c) 2023 María Inés Montserrat
Miguel Ángel De Marco, Manuelita (Buenos Aires: Emecé, 2023), 320 pp.
This work adds to the many biographies that the author has published, several of them focused on the 19th century, although this is the first focused on a woman. In the Prologue, he acknowledges that the idea of dealing with the life of Rosas's daughter had been around him for many years, from the time when, through journalistic notes, he made sketches of actors from our past. His books Soldados y Poetas and De los hombres, la patria y el coraje ”’which has gone through several editions and, in each one, new characters, some of them little known”’ are related to those portraits and more than one of their loopholes sneaks into this book. I cite without going into detail the one referring to Florencio Varela (p. 237), the one entitled "He who is not entirely with us is against us" (p. 102) or the one that refers to the sailors of the frigate Eugenia and the brig Lagerbjelke (p. 263). But it is in the two biographies that precede this one ”’Quiroga, federal leader, indomitable warrior and Brown, first admiral of the Argentines”’ where the figure of Manuela de Rosas begins to gain volume. De Marco has a deep knowledge of the time in which his biographies are inserted, which provides each of them with a solid scaffolding on which to anchor themselves.
The zoological debates of the Guatemalan naturalist Juan José Rodríguez Luna in Anales del Museo Nacional of El Salvador, 1904-1911
Juan José Rodríguez Luna was one of the main naturalists in Guatemala, although historical studies on his scientific work are lacking. The objective of the article is to examine the zoological practices and themes developed by Rodríguez Luna through the writings published in Anales del Museo Nacional de El Salvador between 1904 and 1911. The analysis is based on 12 journal articles. The methodology problematizes the academic press what includes natural history as an active process in the production of scientific knowledge, with emphasis on its communication between specialists. The themes addressed by the author in relation to the fauna of Guatemala are: naturalistic practices (collecting excursions, cabinet practice and zoological exhibition) and zoological themes (behavior of some animals, taxonomy and usefulness of the species).
Copyright (c) 2023 Rodrigo Antonio Vega y Ortega Baez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Clausewitz and Malvinas. A point of view on the operational leadership of the land forces in the 1982 war
This paper analyzes the Malvinas War from a perspective linked to the operational management of the land military instrument, within the theoretical framework of Clausewitzian thought, given its relevance to essential war issues and, also, because the said conflict was a of the last classic contests of the 20th century. By way of hypothesis, we maintain that the knowledge and practices related to Carl von Clausewitz's theory did not occupy a preponderant place in the training and professional development processes of the generation of senior officers of the Argentine Army with maximum leadership responsibilities for direction the ground forces in the aforementioned war.
Copyright (c) 2023 Hernán Cornut https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mortality and quality of life in Viceregal Salta: an analysis through death certificates (1766-1809)
In societies of the Ancient Regime, death was a process that involved a preparation deeply rooted in the traditions and customs of individuals with a Catholic mentality characteristic of the Hispanic Monarchy. These rituals were recorded in death records. The objective of this article is to conduct a meticulous survey and analysis of all available death records in the Archive of the Archbishopric of Salta, covering the period between 1766 and 1809. The study aims to unravel the dynamics of mortality, health, and well-being of the urban population in this city, within a context marked by political, civil, and institutional changes and transformations. The goal is to reconstruct the number of burials per year and their relationship with specific conjunctural situations, as well as to identify the socio-economic profile of the deceased, including their age, marital status, and place of origin. Additionally, it seeks to determine the main causes of death in this context, characterized as a "demographic Ancient Regime". By addressing these issues, the importance of death records as primary sources is emphasized. By complementing them with other documentation such as notarial protocols, municipal records, and judicial registers, we can obtain a more comprehensive understanding of mortality, quality of life, and their interrelation with social, cultural, and economic aspects of the inhabitants of the city of Salta.
Copyright (c) 2023 Marcelo Gabriel Anachuri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La visita de Augusto Pi y Suñer a la Argentina y la influencia de la Reforma Universitaria en España
The article proposes an analysis of the positions on university reform based on the visit of the Catalan physiologist Augusto Pi y Suñer. In this sense, although the objective of the activities of the Spanish Cultural Institution was to invite Spanish professors to offer lectures in the houses of study in Argentina, on this occasion it coincided that the visitor was also a protagonist of the reforms in Spain, for which an arc of solidarity with the Argentine student movement was deployed. The leadership elite of the Spanish institutions sought to support and collaborate in the regeneration of Spain based on permanent institutional action and, in turn, seek to raise the prestige of Spain in Argentina.
Copyright (c) 2022 Marcelo Garabedian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Julio Rey Pastor y el desarrollo de la matemática como disciplina científica en la Argentina
The intellectual Julio Rey Pastor visited Argentina at the beginning of the 20th century. During it, he linked up with the Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires, from where he built social ties. Analyzing his stay and reception will allow us to delve into the previous links of the River Plate mathematical sciences with Spain from the late viceregal period to the immediate antecedents of Rey Pastor's arrival at the Marcelino Ménendez y Pelayo chair at the UBA. From there it will be possible to study the characteristics of this mathematician and the scientific and academic practices and discourses of which he was a part in Buenos Aires.
Copyright (c) 2022 Carlos Borches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
José Ortega y Gasset en la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Ortega y Gasset visits Argentina three times and always taught courses at the University of Buenos Aires. On each of these occasions, he anticipated the Argentine audience the best of his philosophical production, not only to share the most current lines of European thought but also to exhibit some of his most famous works, for example, his texts on the revolt of the masses. However, he can never get a university professorship in our country.
Copyright (c) 2022 Roberto E. Aras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La cátedra de Derecho Natural y de Gentes: Continuidad de la enseñanza de elementos del derecho español en la primera década de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires, which emerged within the framework of the Rivadavian reforms, was the first university in the Río de la Plata independent of Spain. However, there was a marked continuity in its cloisters with respect to the viceroyalty period. Depending on the study area, this link could be greater. In the present work we intend to investigate the chair of Natural and People's Law, as it is a key area in the training of future lawyers and it is the subject taught by the first rector of the university. The investigation will allow us to see the importance of the contents taught there through the manual written by their teacher, which will facilitate the analysis of the relationship that their contents and didactics preserved with respect to the Spanish training of which their first teachers were inheritors.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ariel Alberto Eiris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
En el marco de las celebraciones de la fundación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires el 8 de agosto de 1821, el Centro de Pensamiento Español de la Fundación Ortega y Gasset Argentina realizó una jornada el 17 de noviembre de 2021, donde reunió a algunos investigadores del Centro y a otros colegas invitados con el fin de comunicar sus trabajos referidos a la presencia de una selección de destacados científicos e intelectuales españoles en los claustros de la Universidad porteña. Estas investigaciones indagan en los vínculos que se establecieron entre intelectuales argentinos y peninsulares y dan cuenta de la circulación de ideas, de proyectos compartidos, como así también de las disonancias que ocurrieron a lo largo de estos doscientos años...
Copyright (c) 2022 Ángeles Castro Montero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Educación racionalista y anarquismo en la provincia de San Juan, una reconstrucción a partir del periódico “La Acción Obrera” (1920- 1926)
This paper aims to analyze the methodological principles of Rationalist Education in San Juan through anarchist publications in the newspaper "La Acción Obrera" (1920-1926), belonging to the Sanjuanina Provincial Workers Federation (F.O.P.S). The article will particularly seek to recognize the characteristics of Libertarian Education and its relationship with the other current pedagogical currents in the San Juan educational space.
Copyright (c) 2022 María Celeste Ríos Rosales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Patriotismo, poesía y educación. Una aproximación a Juan María Gutiérrez
The objective of the following investigation is to study the relationship between patriotism, poetry and education in some sections of the trajectory of Juan María Gutiérrez. I am interested in examining how political leaders sustain reflections and strategies for the formation of citizens and patriots. In other studies I have recorded that another leader, Joaquín V. González, states that fictions represent a fundamental means for the formation of patriots because they would manage to transmit in the best way the principles and values of the best country´s institutions. A question then arose: Was this use of literature to form patriots typical of González or was it part of an existing tradition in the political leadership of the 19th century? I chose to explore the trajectory of Juan María Gutiérrez, one of Gonzalez´s referents, to begin to give a first answer.
Copyright (c) 2022 Alejandro Herrero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La internacionalización de la educación en la Argentina. El rol de UNESCO como agente educativo durante la presidencia de Frondizi a la luz de El Monitor de la Educación Común (1959-1961)
The end of World War II and the emergence of the so-called “Cold War” brought about the establishment of a “new bipolar order” led by the United States and the Soviet Union, both powers promoted antagonistic political-economic systems, disputing global primacy. In this context, education becomes very important in the ideological transmission procedure. In this research we will work on the internationalization process of the educational ideas of the capitalist bloc through UNESCO, since then this international organization has played a relevant role in the task of disseminating projects and implementing educational agendas on a global scale which constituted an innovative international bureaucracy, was the use of the educational publication El Monitor de la Educación Común, official organ of the National Council of Education, this magazine became the mean of diffusion of ideas of the period and a sounding board for international debates on education. Bearing these premises in mind, this work will aim to address the internationalization of education in Argentina, analyzing the role of UNESCO as an educational agent in the light of the magazine El Monitor between 1959-1961, trying to understand the ways this publication participated in the local translation of the speeches of this international organization through the analysis of the ideas in its pages and tracing the discursive elements that contributed to the legitimation of UNESCO as a criterion of authority and powerhouse of innovative ideas.
Copyright (c) 2022 Melisa Bustos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La tesis doctoral de Joaquín V. González en un estudio sobre tesis doctorales en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba de fines del Siglo XIX
This work emerges from my ongoing doctoral research, called "The doctoral theses produced in the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the National University of Córdoba during the period 1883-1904: meanings and representations in the framework of modernization". I develop an analytical approach, from the historiographical approach of intellectual history, of the thesis entitled "Study on the Revolution", written by Joaquín V. González, whose choice justified in the political, social and cultural transcendence of the work and its author. I propose to describe the institutional, social and symbolic context of production of the thesis studied, within the political-ideological process of Argentina in the late nineteenth century and describe the trajectory of the thesis. Considering both, develop a beginning of their analysis, exposing the use of predominant words, such as the word revolution.
Copyright (c) 2022 Nora Mariela Barrionuevo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
DAISY RÍPODAS ARDANAZ, Bibliografía (1947-2013) del Dr. José María Mariluz Urquijo, Buenos Aires, Academia Nacional de la Historia, 2021, 40 pp.
Las bibliografías, género tan útil como descuidado actualmente, poseen al menos dos objetivos. Uno de carácter práctico o utilitario: tener reunida la totalidad de los escritos de un autor determinado, lo cual resulta un inapreciable auxilio para el investigador nobel, orientándolo rápidamente en una o varias temáticas, según hayan sido los intereses del receptor de la bibliografía...
Copyright (c) 2022 Susana Frías https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
MAGDALENA CANDIOTI, Una historia de la emancipación negra, Esclavitud y abolición en la Argentina, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2021, 270 pp.
Esta obra es el último libro publicado que tiene en su extensa producción académica Magdalena Candioti, Doctora en Historia por la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) y Licenciada en Ciencias Políticas por la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); además que es Investigadora Adjunta del CONICET con sede en el Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana “Dr. Emilio Ravignani” de la UBA...
Copyright (c) 2022 Fátima De Los Ángeles Rossi Lomonte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EDUARDO JOSÉ MIGUEZ, Los trece ranchos. Las provincias, Buenos Aires, y la formación de la Nación Argentina (1840-1880), Rosario, Prohistoria, 2021, 300 pp.
El trabajo presentado es la última obra del doctor en Historia, Eduardo José Miguez, quien viene aportando ya desde hace años, grandes trabajos de historia argentina como ha sido su biografía de Bartolomé Mitre, publicada anteriormente. Sus trabajos suelen ahondar los periodos formativos del Estado argentino y la conformación de la Nación y en este trabajo hace un análisis perspicaz del periodo correspondiente de 1840 a 1880, con principal énfasis en la relación de la “hermana mayor” Buenos Aires con las demás provincias...
Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Francisco Chiovetta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Esteban Echeverría y el saintsimonismo: La religión de los herederos de Mayo. Modelos de construcción ciudadana (1830-1850)
The fate of post-revolutionary Argentina was marked by a long process of civil wars. By the beginning of the 1830s, the power of Juan Manuel de Rosas consolidated a strong federal leadership, thus inaugurating a new period in the history of our country. However, many of the constitutive problems for the construction of our nationality were far from being completed. In this context, a generation of young people emerged who projected themselves as the ideological powerhouse that would build this nation. The reading and use of the European liberal and romantic movements as theoretical foundations for their social construction, from which the French case stands out, set the stage for their political activity, leading them to a direct confrontation with Rosas and their subsequent exile. One of these young people was Esteban Echeverría who used the experiences of his formative years to build a theory of the Argentine nationality model expressed under the sign of social religion condensed in his work Socialist Dogma. There the ideological bases of the Argentine poet are expressed, the main one being the analogous experiences of Saint-Simonism and French utopian socialism.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sebastián Alejo Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
La reforma penitenciaria peronista a debate (Argentina, 1946-1955)
This article has two purposes: first, to make a state of the question on the historiography of the prison reform promoted during the classic Peronism (1946-1955), whose central protagonist was Roberto Pettinato, General Director of Penal Institutes of the Nation, and to present our coincidences and differences with the most established interpretations in the historiographic narrative (especially, the contributions of Lila Caimari, José Daniel Cesano and Jeremías Silva). Secondly, to raise the vitality of this topic for historical studies; the methodological problems we face and the notorious historiographical gaps that still exist. Thus, we hope that this work will contribute to the proliferation of new research on the prison reform carried out by Roberto Pettinato for almost a decade
Copyright (c) 2022 Jorge Núñez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
FERNÁNDEZ, HERNÁN, ¿Existe UN Facundo? Repensar el escrito de Sarmiento desde las ediciones y lecturas realizadas durante la vida del autor y póstumamente, Buenos Aires, Ediciones FEPAI, 2020, 390 pp.
Copyright (c) 2022 Guillermo Andrés Oyarzábal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
El Centenario y sus nacionalismos escolares: La Restauración nacionalista de Rojas como escusa y apropiación
Argentine historiography speaks of the first cultural nationalism produced during the Centennial of the Revolution; and the writer Ricardo Rojas and his book La Restauración Nacionalista are invoked to demonstrate this. Report on Education (1909). It is relevant to remember that Rojas´ investigation was funded by the Ministery of Public Instruction, and his report published in book support by this body. This work by Rojas has been studied in its internal structure or in its relationship with the history of nationalism, but beyond some references by historians of education, it has practically not been explored in its place of birth: the educational system and its spaces of government where policies are discussed and defined. My objective is to investigate how this book report is appropriate and used by officials of the national government and the government of the provinces, and by figures of the scientific and intellectual field who write in official publications in the areas of education. This is a study of reception of ideas, and also an inquiry into how normalist educators in government functions legitimize their policies with this author and this report. My hypothesis is that there are school nationalisms that are noticed in each intervention of normalist or scientific officials who write in education magazines, and not a single school nationalist school policy, depending on the case, is received and accepted by some, discussed by others and even redefined on other occasions.
Herrero, Fabián, El fraile Castañeda, ¿El “trompeta de la discordia” ?, Buenos Aires, Prometeo, 2020, pp. 409.
Esta obra es la más reciente producción de Fabián Herrero, investigador del Conicet con sede en el Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana “Dr. Emilio Ravignani” de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Su destacada experiencia investigativa sobre la política de las décadas de 1810 y 1820 en Buenos Aires y el litoral, es el sustento para la realización del presente libro. El mismo se propone biografiar al fraile Francisco de Paula Castañeda (1776-1833), una figura controvertida y compleja por sus diversas y vehementes posiciones políticas. El estudio consiste en una investigación de histórica política, en diálogo con la historia del periodismo y de la Iglesia dada las particularidades de las intervenciones públicas del personaje. Si bien el trabajo consiste en una biografía que toma como modelo la microhistoria, el libro no pretende presentar toda su vida, sino los momentos de su intervención pública, por lo que se centra en los años que se comprendieron desde el inicio de la Revolución de Mayo, hasta la época de Rosas. El estudio incluye valoraciones sobre la historiografía previa sobre su figura y los usos que de ella se han hecho en la posterioridad. El autor busca encontrar elementos conductores en la trayectoria de Castañeda, pese a los vaivenes y cambios en su posición política, que por momentos fueron contradictorios. Por ello, sostiene como hipótesis que las constantes en sus prácticas y discursos, han sido: la defensa de la religión católica, la centralidad política de Buenos Aires y la promoción de la educación.
José María Ramos Mejía y Las multitudes argentinas, la construcción del patriotismo finisecular
This article summarizes the approaches around the dispute over patriotism and nationalism of the Argentine turn-of-the-century leadership, embodied in the speech of one of its participants, the doctor José María Ramos Mejía, who from his medical expertise, defines in his work Most cited, The Argentine multitudes, that other to govrn, in times of consolidation of the State, establishing both the diagnosis of the so-called immigrant question, as well as the necessary response, through education. In discussion with nationalism and Mitrist history, where the crowd will be, so to define it, the political actor that operates from the emancipation of the monarchy, towards the present of the leader. In a clear political intervention, he seeks a patriotism from where he legitimates himself as a leader and defines in his speech, part of the dictionary of the time.
Copyright (c) 2022 Laura Guic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Normalismo, ‘cultura física’ y gimnasia en la Argentina a finales del siglo XI
In 1901, the first temporary Physical Exercises course was established in Argentina. For the first time, the Argentine educational state focused its attention on the 'physical educators' civil training for the school environment, differentiating it from the 'generalist' teacher and, consequently, recognizing a specific and different place in the teacher and normal teachers training matrix. The materialization of the temporary courses of Physical Exercises and, eight years after the first Normal School of Argentine Physical Education in 1909, was linked to tensions and disputes of meaning that emerged in the last decades of the 19th century. Based on the social and cultural history of education, the present work investigates the proposals of two pedagogues who intervened in these disputes in the first moments of the trade and the educational discipline formation: José María Torres and Pablo Pizzurno. In particular, analytical and hermeneutical attention is focused on how and why Gymnastics stabilizes in the curricular grid of Argentine normalist teacher training and how and why the need arises to create a new teaching profession: the physical education teacher.
Copyright (c) 2022 Pablo Scharagrodsky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Construir la educación común en Argentina: una aproximación desde el caso sanjuanino (1884-1887)
The objective of this article is to chronocle San Juan educational system. For this purpose, I study the acts of “Consejo General de Educación” - main authority in school matters- between 1884-1877. The choice of this type of sources is due to shows various fronts over authorities acted on– such as ecomomic administracion and underlying world of work at schools- to configure and start up the school system within the territory of San Juan. Furthermore, it should be mentioned, 1884 is the elected year to delimitate the beginning of that period because the Provincial and the national common education laws were enacted then. And the end is marked by a new normative aprooved for provincial educational institutions in 1887.
Copyright (c) 2022 Hernán Fernandez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Presentación al Dossier “Educación, ciudadanía y patriotismo en argentina. Estudios de casos”
PAULA BRUNO, ALEXANDRA PITA, MARINA ALVARADO, Embajadoras culturales. Mujeres latino-americanas y vida diplomática, 1860-1960, Rosario, Prohistoria, 2021, 168 pp.
La obra Embajadoras Culturales: Mujeres latinoamericanas y vida diplomática, 1860-1960 trata sobre las acciones de mujeres que protagonizaron el diseño de la diplomacia latinoamericana entre los siglos XIX y XX. Se estudian nueve trayectorias individuales que en ocasiones configuran redes que tuvieron peso en proyectos políticos e intelectuales. Es un enfoque que contempla las (re)formulaciones clásicas sobre la nueva historia política, la nueva historia diplomática y la visibilidad de la mujer en la historia, además de pensar en las relaciones entre lo nacional y lo internacional. De esta manera, nociones como red, vida cultural y política se conectan en una narrativa que permite pensar las diferentes formas de actuación de las mujeres dentro de los estados nacionales (en relación a los ministerios de relaciones exteriores y al servicio exterior) y en los proyectos con dimensiones internacionales (como la Unión Panamericana o la Sociedad de Naciones)...
Copyright (c) 2022 Alesson Ramon Rota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0