Abrir Espacio para la Salud Mental – Promoción de la salud mental en adolescentes (12-14 años): Los resultados preliminares de la eficacia de la intervención

Autores/as

  • Luísa Campos Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
  • Pedro Dias
  • Filipa Palha
  • Ana Duarte
  • Elisa Veiga

Resumen

La salud mental y el bienestar son fundamentales para nuestra capacidad colectiva y individual como seres humanos de pensar, de exteriorizar los sentimientos, de establecer y mantener relaciones, para estudiar, para perseguir las actividades de ocio, para tomar decisiones diarias y para disfrutar de una vida plena. Una adolescencia saludable es un prerrequisito para una vida adulta saludable. Sin embargo, la realidad actual presenta un panorama preocupante. La formación del capital mental individual y colectivo - especialmente en las primeras etapas de la vida - está siendo retenida por una serie de riesgos evitables para la salud mental (World Health Organization [WHO], 2013). Los adolescentes del sur de Europa (región que ha sido más severamente afectada por la crisis financiera; e.g., Portugal) son señalados como un grupo extremadamente vulnerable, ya que su salud mental fácilmente podría ser influenciada por las dificultades económicas de sus padres y la escasez de solidaridad social (European Parliament, 2012). 

La promoción de la salud mental de los adolescentes es considerada como una preocupación fundamental (WHO, 2005a, 2013). En este ámbito, las intervenciones centradas en la promoción de la literacía de la salud mental han revelado importantes ventajas en la prevención, reconocimiento, intervención precoz y la reducción del estigma (Pinfold, Stuart, Thornicroft & Arboleda-Florez, 2005; Pinfold, Toulmin, Thornicroft, Huxley, Farmer & Graham, 2003; Schulze, Richter-Werling, Matschinger & Angermeyer, 2003; Stuart, 2006).

En consonancia con los marcos de promoción de la salud mentales propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2005a), tenemos que involucrar a jóvenes en los ambientes donde interactúan (Burns, 2011). Las escuelas son implícitamente uno de los locales más importantes para la promoción de la salud mental de los adolescentes (Barry, Clarke, Jenkins & Patel, 2013; WHO, 2001). El proyecto “Abrir Espacio para la Salud Mental – Promoción de la salud mental en adolescentes (12-14 años)” tiene como objetivo incrementar literacía de la salud mental en los jóvenes. En el primer año se ha desarrollado un instrumento de evaluación - Mental Health Literacy questionnaire (MHLq) - y la intervención para la promoción de la salud mental. La intervención consiste en 2 sesiones, 90 minutos cada una, implementadas con intervalo de una semana. Siguen una metodología interactiva, utilizando dinámicas de grupo, videos, música y discusión. El estudio de la eficacia de la intervención se lleva a cabo mediante un análisis pre y pos-test con el MHLq, utilizando un grupo experimental y un grupo de control. Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de la eficacia de la intervención de promoción de la salud mental en una muestra de 100 adolescentes portugueses (12-14 años). El pos-test mostró un incremento de los niveles de conocimientos de salud mental y estrategias de autoayuda. Los resultados sugieren que la intervención desarrollada parece ser adecuada al objetivo propuesto y refuerzan la creencia de que intervenciones escolares, sistemáticas y sostenibles, para la promoción de la salud mental con jóvenes, es un enfoque prometedor para la promoción de la literacía de la salud mental (Schulze et al., 2003; Rickwood et al., 2005; Corrigan et al., 2007; WHO, 2010).

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Biografía del autor/a

Luísa Campos, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina

Researchers at the Centre for Studies in Human Development and Professors at the Faculty of Education and Psychology, Catholic University of Portugal.

Pedro Dias

Researchers at the Centre for Studies in Human Development and Professors at the Faculty of Education and Psychology, Catholic University of Portugal.

Filipa Palha

Researchers at the Centre for Studies in Human Development and Professors at the Faculty of Education and Psychology, Catholic University of Portugal.

Ana Duarte

Researcher at the Centre for Studies in Human Development.

Elisa Veiga

Researchers at the Centre for Studies in Human Development and Professors at the Faculty of Education and Psychology, Catholic University of Portugal.

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Publicado

27-11-2019

Cómo citar

Campos, L., Dias, P., Palha, F., Duarte, A., & Veiga, E. (2019). Abrir Espacio para la Salud Mental – Promoción de la salud mental en adolescentes (12-14 años): Los resultados preliminares de la eficacia de la intervención. Revista De Psicología, 10(19), 107–116. Recuperado a partir de https://erevistas.uca.edu.ar/index.php/RPSI/article/view/2318

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